Abnormalities of the adrenal gland include primary neoplasm, metastases, hemorrhage, or enlargement of the adrenal gland from external hormonal stimulation.
Adrenal masses can be divided into two physiologic categories based on whether they hypersecrete a hormone or not.
Hyperfunctioning adrenal masses produce a hormone that results in a chemical imbalance and include pheochromocytomas, aldosteronomas, and cortisol or androgen-producing tumors.
Nonfunctioning adrenal masses cause enlargement of the adrenal gland but no significant increased hormone production. Adrenal adenomas and metastases are the most common nonfunctioning adrenal masses.
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